Pump.



No. 702,245. Patented lune lo; I902.

A. RADOVANOVIC.

PUMP.

(Application filed Jan. 18, 1902.]

(in Model.) a Sheets-Sheet THE MORRIS PETE co. momurnm WbSH NGTDN. v.1;

Patented lune I0, 1902.

A. RADDVANOVIC.

PUMP.

Application filed Jan. 18, 1902.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

////// r/ /l //l No. 702,245. Patented June In, I902.

A. RADOV'ANOVIC.

PUMP.

(Application filed Jan. 18, 19023 3 Sheets -Sheef 3.

(No Model.)

Tu: yonms PETERS coy. Pnom-uwm. wnnmsrcm u, c.

U ITED STATES- PATENT OFFIcE.

ANDREAS RADOVANOVIO, OF ZURICH, S WVITZERLAND.

PUMP.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 702,245, dated June 10,1902.

Application filed January 18,1902. Serial No. 90,342. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be itknOWnthatLANDREASRADOVANOVIC, asubject of the Emperor ofAustria-Hungary, residing at Zurich, Switzerland, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Pumps; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be afull, clear, and exact description of theinvention,suchas will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to makeand use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, andto letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part ofthis specification.

This invention relates to means for closing the suction-valves ofplunger-pumps by hydraulic pressure, so as to prevent the valves fromhammering when the pumps are running at high speed.

Referring to the drawings, in which like parts-are similarly designated,I have shown several forms of plunger-pumps made in accordance with thisinvention.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section showing the enlargement orhead 70, forming part of the main plunger. Fig. 2 is a sectional detailview of a modified form of the enlargement or head. Fig. 3 is a verticallongitudinal section showing a modified structure provided withrelief-valves. Fig. 4: is a detail view of one of r the valves capableof being used in connection with the structure shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 5is a vertical longitudinal section showing a suction-valve controlled byan auxiliary piston. Fig. 6 is a section taken on line A A, Fig. 5, thevalve 3 and piston a being removed; Fig; 7, a section of a modificationof the suction-valvecontrolling piston, shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is avertical cross-section showing a suctionvalve located to one side of theplunger. Fig. 9 is asimilar view of a modification. Fig. 10 isahorizontal section of a pump shown in Fig. 8; Fig. 11, alongitudinalsection showing both suction-valve and plunger moved vertically; Fig.12, a like view where valve and plunger are coaxial. Fig. 13 is avertical section of a vertically-moving plunger having a modified formof enlargement or head. Fig; 14: is a partial longitudinal sectionalview showing a plurality of suction-valves.

In all the figures, p is the main plunger, and It is the enlargement orhead, either forming part of, connected to, or cooperating with the mainplunger, and sis the suction valve or valves, through which water entersdirectly or indirectly to the pump-chamber.

In the example shown in Fig. 1 the plunger 19; which is movedbetween'its extreme position I and II during'the suction stroke in thedirection indicated by the arrow 1 and during the delivery-stroke in thedirection indicated by the arrow 2 is provided at its inner end with anenlargement or head 70, forming part thereof, Whose diameter is greaterthan that p of the plungerp, which passes through the stuffing-box 3.The enlargement orhead it enters shortly before the end of the suctionstroke into a short cylinder 0, which separates a chamber m, containingthe suction-valve, from the pump-chamber n, and which cylinder 0 is onlyslightly greater than the diame ter 7c of the enlargement. In Fig. 1 theenlargement is shown as just commencing to enter the cylinder 0. Whenthe enlargement 7r enters thecylinder a, hydrostatic pressure isproduced in the valve-chamber m, as the liquid displaced by theenlargement can escape from the chamber on into the chamber it onlythrough the space left between the plunger-head 7r. andthe cylinder 0and is greatly throttled in passing. The pressure thus produced pressesthe suction-valve s to its seat.

In order to prevent the pressure in the chamber m from being suddenlyproduced- 7 e., with a shock-the chamber n is contracted or reducedtoward the short cylinder 0, so that when the plunger-head It is aboutto enter the cylinder 0 the throttling of the passing liquid, andconsequently the pressure in the chamberm, commences gradually and thesuction-valve is closed without a shock. The same result might be,obtained by placing over the chamber m, as indicated in dotted lines inFig. 1, an air chamber or vessel 10, in which a quantity of air would becompressed. To prevent an excessive pressure in the chamber m, I providea relief-valve 11 either in the pump-cylinder, Fig. 1, or on theplunger, Fig. 2, suitably loaded, so that it will open into thepump-chamber n when the pressure in said chamber m exceeds apredetermined limit, thus providing a larger area for the passage ofliquid from chamber m to that n.

In the example shown in Fig. 3 the enlargement or head is slidable onthe end of a reduced extremity 4 of the plunger 19 and acts itself as asafety-valve. A spring 5 holds the enlargement or head normally againsta shoulder between the reduced portion 4 and the spindle end 6, on whichsaid plunger is threaded. The same figure shows also a controllableoverflow-valve q, located and controlling communication of fluid betweenthe chambers m and n.

The delivery-valve d of the pump may be arranged either over the chamberm, as shown in Fig. 3, or over the chamber n, as desired.

By suitably choosing the time when the plunger-head It is to enter theshort cylinder 0, by making their relative diameters c and 7c ofsuitable size, by properly loading the safety-valve, and finally bysuitably adj usting the overflow-valve q the commencement of thepressure in the suction-valve chamber and its amount can be regulated insuch a way that the suction-valve is closed without shock immediatelybefore or exactly on the dead-point. If, however, the suction-valvecloses before the end of the stroke of the plunger, a partial vacuumwill be produced in the chamber 71 during the remainder of the stroke ofthe plunger. To prevent such a partial vacuum from being formed, thereis arranged in the chamber n either a small auxiliary suction-valve 0,Fig. 4, which opens into the chamber n from the suction-pipe of thepump, or a suitable loaded piston 0, Fig. 3. The former allows liquid toenter the chamber 01 and the latter itself moves into the chamber a to asufficient extent to fill a space equivalent to the displacement of theremainder of the plunger, and thus prevent the formation of a vacuum.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 6 a cross-sectioncorresponding to the line A A of Fig. 5, the valve 9 and piston a beingremoved, ofa plunger-pump, in which the chamber m, which theplunger-head enters at the end of the suction-stroke, is separated fromthe pump-chamber 07., into which the suctionvalve opens by anintermediate cylinder at, that contains a piston a, connected to thesuction-valve s.

The hydrostaticpressu re which is produced when the head enters thecylinder 0 acts upon the valve-seating piston a to press it and theconnected suction-valve 3 upon its seat. The suction-valve is thereforeclosed, not by a pressure acting directly upon it, but by means of apiston a, which receives the hydrostatic pressure in the chamber m.WVhen the suction-valve closes, there is therefore no hydrostaticpressure upon it, so that suction can still take place during theclosing movement of the suction-valve.

The valve-seating piston a can be connected to the suction-valve eitherrigidly,as shown in Fig. 5, or elastically, as shown in Fig. 7, where aspring '7 is interposed between said piston a and valve 8, as shown. Toprevent the occurrence of excessive pressure or the formation of avacuum in the chamber m, valves o and 12, opening in oppositedirections, are arranged in the plunger-head.

Plunger-pumps may be so constructed according to this invention that thesuctionvalve will not be pressed quite up to its seat, but will bepressed to within a short distance therefrom. Examples of such pumps areshown in Figs. 8 to 13, of which Figs. 8 and 9 are vertical sections ofpumps with suctionvalves situated somewhat to the side of the plunger,and Fig. 10 is a horizontal sect-ion of the pump shown in Fig. 8.

In the example shown in Fig. 11 the suction-valve is at one side of andparallel to the axis of the plunger of the pump, and in those shown inFigs. 12 and 13 the suctionvalves are coaxial with the plungers.

The valve-seating piston a, Figs. 8 and 9, bears on the valve 8, but isnot attached thereto. Its movement toward the valve un der the pressureproduced in the chamber m by the entrance of the plunger-head 70 intothe cylinder 0 is limited, as shown in Fig. 8, by a collar a which bearsagainst a corresponding surface a on the cylinder at. In the exampleshown in Fig. 9 the piston a presses by means of an elastic buffer 8againsta disk 00 on a rod g, which is provided at the top with anadjustable disk '6, that abuts against a cross-bar t, and thereby limitsthe downward movement of the disk at. By this means the valve 8 is hotpressed quite down on its seat by the pressure in the chamber m, but isbrought to a short distance .2 thereof, so that when it closes at thebeginning of the delivery-stroke it has only to move through thisdistance. The stroke of the piston a can be limited in any othersuitable manner.

The head 7t, Fig. 10, is a flexible plate, and can therefore act as asafety-valve to allow the passage of fluid between it and the walls ofthe short chamber a. The buffer shown in Fig. 9 between the piston a andthe valve 8 can also serve the same purpose.

The relative positions of the suction-valve and the axis of the plungerof the pump can be arranged as desired. Thus the valve 8 can be arrangedat the side of the plunger and with its axis parallel thereto, as shownin Fig. 11, or coaxial with the plunger, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13. Inthe former figure there is a by-pass 9, forming part of and leading fromthe chamber m to the cylinder a. Fig. 13 shows an arrangement in whichthe cylinder 0 is formed in the hollow plun- Having thus described myinvention, What I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is

1. In a pump, the combination with the pump-chamber, suction-valve andchamber, and a short cylinder interposed between them, of a plungerhaving an enlargement thereon to move in the pump-chamber and cylinder,whereby hydrostatic pressure is produced in the suction-valve chamber toseat said valve, substantially as described.

2. In a pump, the combination with the pump-chamber, suction-valve andchamber, and a short cylinder interposed between them, of a plungerhaving an enlargement thereon adapted to move into the short cylinderand vent fluid from the latter to the former chamber and communicatehydrostatic pressure to said valve, substantially as described. I

3. In a pump, the combination with a pump-chamber having a reduced end,a suction-valve chamber and valve therein, and a short cylinder betweenthe reduced end of the pump-chamber and valve-chamber; of a plunger andan enlargement on the end thereof to move in the pump-chamber andcylinder, to cooperate with the reduced end of the pump-chamber andcylinder to produce hydrostatic pressure on the suctionvalve,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a pump, the combination with the pump-chamber, suction-valve andchamber, and a short cylinder between the two chambers, of a plunger, anenlargement thereon cooperating with the short cylinder to vent liquidbetween the two chambers and produce hydrostatic pressure on thesuctionvalve, and means to prevent the formation of a partial vacuum inthe pump by reason of the displacement of the plunger, substantially asdescribed.

5. In a pump, the combination with the pump-chamber, suction-valve andchamber, and a cylinder between the two chambers, of a plunger, anenlargement thereon cooperating with the cylinder to vent liquid betweenthe two chambers and produce hydrostatic pressure on the suction-valve,and auxiliary means to vent fluid between the two chambers,substantially as described.

6. In a pump, the combination with the pump-chamber, suction-valve andchamber, and a cylinder between the two chambers, of a plunger, anenlargement thereon cooperating with the cylinder to vent fluid betweenthe two chambers and produce hydrostatic pressure on thesuction-valve,auxiliary means to vent fluid between the two chambers andmeans to prevent the formation of a partial on the plunger cooperatingwith the cylinder to vent fluid between the two chambers and producehydrostatic pressure on the suctionvalve, and auxiliary valve-controlledmeans to vent fluid between the two chambers, substantially as and forthe purpose set forth.

9. In a pump, the combination with the pump-chamber, suction-valve andchamber and a short cylinder between the two chambers; of a plungerhaving a reduced end and a spring-held enlargement on the end thereofcooperating with the cylinder to vent fluid between the two chambers andproduce hydrostatic pressure on the suction-valve, sub stantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

10. In a pump, the combination with the pump-chamber, suction-valve andchamber,

and a short cylinder interposed between them, of a plunger and anenlargement thereon adapted to yield to a predetermined fluidpressure,whereby hydrostatic pressure is produced in -the suction-valve chamberto seat said valve, substantially as described.

11. In a pump, the combination with the pump-chamber,suction-valve andchamber,

and a short cylinder between the two chambers; of a plunger having areduced end, a spring-held enlargement on the end of the reduced portioncooperating with the cylinder to vent fluid between the two chambers andproduce hydrostatic pressure on the suctionvalve, auxiliaryvalve-controlled means to vent fluid between the two chambers, and anauxiliary piston adapted to move into the pump-chamber to prevent theformation of a vacuum therein, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed myname in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ANDREAS RADOVANOVIC.

Witnesses:

A. LIEBERKNECIIT, EDUARD BRANEY.

ICC)

